presentation about the environment

Good morning.
My presentation is about the environment.
I'm going to explain to you many outstanding aspects about the environmental topics.
I choose this central topic because I consider that is very important to awake and change the mind of all of us.
First of all, at the present time a variety of environmental problems now are affecting our world, but the main character is the man, who does not know what is the damage that makes to the planet, and the lasts years the industrialization, the lack of conscience and education have been the biggest troubles.
The majority of resources are not renewable but sadly it doesn't matter now, because we take advantage of them.
Then, Colombia is not an exception because all the natural disasters have been destroying the tranquility in this country; nowadays the Global warming is well known for increase this damage, scientists predict that the earth could eventually warm by as 2.5 degrees or as much as 10 degrees Fahrenheit, The natural cycles are happening in a surprising way, the greenhouse gases (GHGs), concentrations of carbon dioxide, pollution by methane, combustion of fossil fuels in cars, factories and electricity production, and also too many events.
In this billboard we can see air pollution, wildfires, deforestation, acid rain, hurricanes, tornados, contamination for garbage, increase in the level of sea, floods, people damaged, illnesses, extinction of species and other things, it is a hard work really, but however, I'm sure that actually the fight for our planet is giving the solutions for a sustainable development and the environmental techniques of renewable and cleaning energy, also the application of reforestation and recycling are a good solutions. This will be improvement to our planet.
Finally I think that we have many things to do for the planet.

ENVIRONMENT

ENVIRONMENT
I'm going to explain to you many outstanding aspects about the environmental topics.
A variety of environmental problems now affect our entire world. But the most important thing is about the global warming, this isn't the farthest topic, but rather really is in our country, because all the natural disasters other things has been destroying our planet, being increased vastly.

GLOBAL WARMING
The Planet Is Heating Up—and Fast
Glaciers are melting, sea levels are rising, cloud forests are drying, and wildlife is scrambling to keep pace. It's becoming clear that humans have caused most of the past century's warming by releasing heat-trapping gases as we power our modern lives. Called greenhouse gases, their levels are higher now than in the last 650,000 years.
We call the result global warming, but it is causing a set of changes to the Earth's climate, or long-term weather patterns, that varies from place to place. As the Earth spins each day, the new heat swirls with it, picking up moisture over the oceans, rising here, settling there. It's changing the rhythms of climate that all living things have come to rely upon.
What will we do to slow this warming? How will we cope with the changes we've already set into motion? While we struggle to figure it all out, the face of the Earth as we know it—coasts, forests, farms and snow-capped mountains—hangs in the balance.

Greenhouse effect
The "greenhouse effect" is the warming that happens when certain gases in Earth's atmosphere trap heat. These gases let in light but keep heat from escaping, like the glass walls of a greenhouse.
First, sunlight shines onto the Earth's surface, where it is absorbed and then radiates back into the atmosphere as heat. In the atmosphere, “greenhouse” gases trap some of this heat, and the rest escapes into space. The more greenhouse gases are in the atmosphere, the more heat gets trapped.

Aren't temperature changes natural?
The average global temperature and concentrations of carbon dioxide (one of the major greenhouse gases) have fluctuated on a cycle of hundreds of thousands of years as the Earth's position relative to the sun has varied. As a result, ice ages have come and gone.
However, for thousands of years now, emissions of GHGs to the atmosphere have been balanced out by GHGs that are naturally absorbed. As a result, GHG concentrations and temperature have been fairly stable. This stability has allowed human civilization to develop within a consistent climate.

CAUSES OF GLOBAL WARMING
What Causes Global Warming
Scientists have spent decades figuring out what is causing global warming. They've looked at the natural cycles and events that are known to influence climate. But the amount and pattern of warming that's been measured can't be explained by these factors alone. The only way to explain the pattern is to include the effect of greenhouse gases (GHGs) emitted by humans.

To bring all this information together, the United Nations formed a group of scientists called the International Panel on Climate Change, or IPCC. The IPCC meets every few years to review the latest scientific findings and write a report summarizing all that is known about global warming. Each report represents a consensus, or agreement, among hundreds of leading scientists.

One of the first things scientists learned is that there are several greenhouse gases responsible for warming, and humans emit them in a variety of ways. Most come from the combustion of fossil fuels in cars, factories and electricity production. The gas responsible for the most warming is carbon dioxide, also called CO2. Other contributors include methane released from landfills and agriculture (especially from the digestive systems of grazing animals), nitrous oxide from fertilizers, gases used for refrigeration and industrial processes, and the loss of forests that would otherwise store CO2.

Different greenhouse gases have very different heat-trapping abilities. Some of them can even trap more heat than CO2. A molecule of methane produces more than 20 times the warming of a molecule of CO2. Nitrous oxide is 300 times more powerful than CO2. Other gases, such as chlorofluorocarbons (which have been banned in much of the world because they also degrade the ozone layer), have heat-trapping potential thousands of times greater than CO2. But because their concentrations are much lower than CO2, none of these gases adds as much warmth to the atmosphere as CO2 does

EFFECTS OF GLOBAL WARMING
Signs Are Everywhere
The planet is warming, from North Pole to South Pole, and everywhere in between. Globally, the mercury is already up more than 1 degree Fahrenheit (0.8 degree Celsius), and even more in sensitive polar regions.
And the effects of rising temperatures aren’t waiting for some far-flung future. They’re happening right now. Signs are appearing all over, and some of them are surprising. The heat is not only melting glaciers and sea ice, it’s also shifting precipitation patterns and setting animals on the move.
Some impacts from increasing temperatures are already happening.
· Ice is melting worldwide, especially at the Earth’s poles. This includes mountain glaciers, ice sheets covering West Antarctica and Greenland, and Arctic sea ice.
· Researcher Bill Fraser has tracked the decline of the Adélie penguins on Antarctica, where their numbers have fallen from 32,000 breeding pairs to 11,000 in 30 years.
· Sea level rise became faster over the last century.
· Some butterflies, foxes, and alpine plants have moved farther north or to higher, cooler areas.
· Precipitation (rain and snowfall) has increased across the globe, on average.
· Spruce bark beetles have boomed in Alaska thanks to 20 years of warm summers. The insects have chewed up 4 million acres of spruce trees.

GLOBAL WARMING SOLUTIONS
What Can We Do?
The evidence that humans are causing global warming is strong, but the question of what to do about it remains controversial. Economics, sociology, and politics are all important factors in planning for the future.
Even if we stopped emitting greenhouse gases (GHGs) today, the Earth would still warm by another degree Fahrenheit or so. But what we do from today forward makes a big difference. Depending on our choices, scientists predict that the Earth could eventually warm by as little as 2.5 degrees or as much as 10 degrees Fahrenheit.
A commonly cited goal is to stabilize GHG concentrations around 450-550 parts per million (ppm), or about twice pre-industrial levels. This is the point at which many believe the most damaging impacts of climate change can be avoided. Current concentrations are about 380 ppm, which means there isn't much time to lose. According to the IPCC, we'd have to reduce GHG emissions by 50% to 80% of what they're on track to be in the next century to reach this level.

ACID RAIN
Effects Felt Through the Food Chain
Rotting vegetation and erupting volcanoes release some chemicals that can cause acid rain, but most acid rain falls because of human activities. The biggest culprit is the burning of fossil fuels by coal-burning power plants, factories, and automobiles.
Acid rain describes any form of precipitation with high levels of nitric and sulfuric acids. It can also occur in the form of snow, fog, and tiny bits of dry material that settle to Earth.
Rotting vegetation and erupting volcanoes release some chemicals that can cause acid rain, but most acid rain falls because of human activities. The biggest culprit is the burning of fossil fuels by coal-burning power plants, factories, and automobiles.
When humans burn fossil fuels, sulfur dioxide (SO2) and nitrogen oxides (NOx) are released into the atmosphere. These chemical gases react with water, oxygen, and other substances to form mild solutions of sulfuric and nitric acid. Winds may spread these acidic solutions across the atmosphere and over hundreds of miles. When acid rain reaches Earth, it flows across the surface in runoff water, enters water systems, and sinks into the soil.

AIR POLLUTION
Comes from many sources
Smog hanging over cities is the most familiar and obvious form of air pollution. But there are different kinds of pollution—some visible, some invisible—that contribute to global warming. Generally any substance that people introduce into the atmosphere that has damaging effects on living things and the environment is considered air pollution.
Smog hanging over cities is the most familiar and obvious form of air pollution. But there are different kinds of pollution—some visible, some invisible—that contribute to global warming. Generally any substance that people introduce into the atmosphere that has damaging effects on living things and the environment is considered air pollution.
Carbon dioxide, a greenhouse gas, is the main pollutant that is warming Earth. Though living things emit carbon dioxide when they breathe, carbon dioxide is widely considered to be a pollutant when associated with cars, planes, power plants, and other human activities that involve the burning of fossil fuels such as gasoline and natural gas. In the past 150 years, such activities have pumped enough carbon dioxide into the atmosphere to raise its levels higher than they have been for hundreds of thousands of years.
Other greenhouse gases include methane—which comes from such sources as swamps and gas emitted by livestock—and chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs), which were used in refrigerants and aerosol propellants until they were banned because of their deteriorating effect on Earth's ozone layer.

Bogota Capital city of Colombia

Bogotá is the capital city of Colombia, for that reason it is the most important in many outstanding aspects.
Bogotá is an important tourist destination because it has places of amusement, culture, music, history and other typical places that the tourists never forget.
also, Bogotá attracts many foreign people because it reflects all the traditions that Colombia has with its food, plates, celebrations, the music and the folklore in general that represents our culture.
The people can getting around in the different areas of Bogotá, for example you can visitLa Candelaria in the downtown, because is the oldest district of Bogota, here, the residential area is famous for its colonial style houses museums and very important places worth visiting such as San Carlos Palace the Luis Angel Arango Public Library, the Cristobal Colon Theater, the Silva's Poetry House, the Museum of Numismatics, the Marques de San Jorge House, the Quinta de Bolívar, the Fundación Alzate Avendaño and La Candelaria, San Ignacio and Nuestra Señora del Carmen churches.In other hand you will find the most important square of Bogota called La Plaza De Bolivar. It is surrounded by The Capitolio Nacional, the City Hall of Bogotá, the Law Courts, the Museum "20 de Julio", the Main Cathedral of Colombia, and the Nariño Palace (Presidential Palace). others areas how El Parque de la 93 is one of the most exclusive sectors in Bogota Some of the best hotels, restaurants, nightclubs and bars are located in this area, This area is one of the most popular for shopping, eating and clubbing.
In general Bogota has many touristic places; there are many places to visit while in Bogota. Excellent hotels, restaurants, museums, art galleries, concert halls, nightclubs, pubs, bars, amusement parks, sport clubs, stadiums and arenas, ancient churches, and many other very interesting places.
In the topic of the transport, Public transport in Bogota has improved considerably over recent years. Transmilenio is a system of mass transportation that came into operation for thousands of people all over the city. These buses have terminals where people arrive through side bus services called alimentadores. Besides that, there are many other bus services, busetas, colectivos, and taxis. The use of bicycles has been promoted in the last years as an alternative way of transportation. There are many pathways for bicycles within the city.To enter and exit the city there is very good bus service called flotas. Flota provides services to many cities and towns in Colombia. There is also a good train service, but air connections remain the main way to travel. El Dorado International Airport is the most important airport in Bogota and in Colombia. However the transportation in Bogota is perhaps crower than other cities how Cali or Medellin and in the last days this it has been suffering the phenomenon of the insecurity, and the pollution for the garbage and smoke.